Dna Polymerase Gene Expression, Transcription And...

DNA is the genetic material of cells and the production of RNA and/or proteins from the information stored in DNA is called gene expression. There are two steps in gene expression, transcription and translation. Transcription starts off inside the cell, specifically where DNA resides, in the nucleus. The process of transcription is then executed by the enzyme, RNA polymerase which then makes mRNA. Here is a summary of the steps; First the RNA polymerase binds to the DNA strand at a specific nucleotide sequence of the gene (promoter). Then it unwinds and unlinks the two strands of DNA. After that it uses one of the DNA strands as a guide or template. Then it matches new nucleotides with their complements on the DNA strand (remember RNA has uracil instead of thymine). Then it binds these new RNA nucleotides together to form a complementary copy of the DNA strand (mRNA). Then it stops when it encounters a termination sequence of nucleotide bases which is the stop codon. mRNA could happily live in a single-stranded state (as opposed to DNA s desire to form complementary double-stranded helix). In prokaryotes, all of the nucleotides in the mRNA are part of codons for the new protein. However, in eukaryotes only, there are extra sequences in the DNA and mRNA that don t code for proteins called introns. This mRNA is then further processed the introns get cut out, the coding sequences get spliced together, a 7-methyloguanosine cap is added to one end of mRNA, and poly-A tailShow MoreRelatedGene Expression in Eukaryotes696 Words   |  3 Pages Gene expression in eukaryotes can be broken down into three stages. These stages include Transcription, RNA processing, and Translation. These steps are similar to gene expression in prokaryotes but RNA processing is specific to gene expression in eukaryotes. Transcription Transcription happens in the cell nucleus. This is where DNA can be found. For example you can use DNA as instructions to make certain things such as proteins, but, these instructions are in a different language and you doRead MoreGene expression is the process of protein formation. Proteins are the molecules that are900 Words   |  4 PagesGene expression is the process of protein formation. Proteins are the molecules that are responsible for enabling us to live. They carry out majority of the processes that are important for life, as they include enzymes, transcription factors and the various cell machinery. Indeed, without proteins, life may not be a possibility. Gene expression cannot be carried out without a nucleic acid sequence, also known as DNA in humans. DNA is a double stranded molecule comprising of a sugar-phosphate backboneRead MoreFunctions Of The Mechanism Of Gene Expression1269 Words   |  6 Pagesmechanism of gene expression, allowing them to operate in different areas. An example is the imposition of certain conditions to micro-organisms, which are capable of producing drugs or induce cells to function properly, which is of great importance in medicine. Great emphasis is placed on control systems based on proteins but recently research started to also focus on the use of systems based on RNA, which is equally as polypeptides involved in the regulation of processes such as transcription, mRNA degradationRead MoreThe Expression Of Two Genes Within Drosophila Fly Cells922 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of this four part lab was to inhibit, or turn off, the expression of two chosen genes within Drosophila fly cells. The genes we wanted to inhibit were DRP1 and Thread. DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission while Thread prevents cell death, which is called apoptosis. To inhibit the expression we inserted double stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, which is an extremely potent method of shutting off genes as it causes RNA interference (Fire et al. 1998). During this lab the DrosophilaRead MoreThe Process of Gene Expression597 Words   |  2 PagesThe process of gene expression is used by all known life known as eukaryotes which include multicellular organisms, prokaryotes like bacteria and Achaea, and viruses which generates the macromolecular machinery for life. Gene expression is what â€Å"turns on† the genes and makes a product. The products made could be an enzyme, a protein, or a control molecule. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as mRNA genes or tRNA genes, the product is a functional RNA. The orderRead MoreEssay On DNA Protein1712 Words   |  7 PagesDr Sleeman – â€Å"From DNA to secreted protein: describe the key molecular events required and their organisation within the cell† The genome, all the genetic material encoded within the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is unique to each individual organism, has all the information required for a cell to sustain life. This is possible due to gene expression which is the process of the genetic code, DNA, being translated into proteins which a cell can then utilise for specific functionsRead MoreTask1 Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Biochemistry Competence 208.5.1: DNA,RNA Nicole Seegmiller-Mott Western Governors University Abstract This a brief written report on the role of DNA, RNA and transmission on information within a cell to create amino acids. Biochemistry Competence 208.5.1: DNA,RNA DNA replication is an intricate process that requires many different proteins. Each protein preforms a very specific function in the creation of a new DNA strand. First helicase works by unwinding or dividing the original double helixRead MoreChapter 13 Review9122 Words   |  37 Pagesavailable the genes encoding ÃŽ ²-galactosidase and lactose permease are upregulated in E. coli. true 2 Different globin polypeptides are expressed at similar levels during the embryonic and fetal stages of mammalian development. false 3 RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter region of the DNA even when the lac repressor is bound to the operator site. true Hide 4 Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes require a promoter region for gene transcription. trueRead MoreDNA And DNA Analysis1038 Words   |  5 PagesPart A Done on the attached paper. Answers to questions 1) How were you able to derive amino acids from your DNA sequence? First of all, from the sense strand given in the question, I derived the antisense strand for it. This is done by using the complementary Nitrogenous base concept. Guanine complements Cytosine, Thymine complements Adenine and vice versa. Once this is done, we obtain the antisense strand. Now the antisense strand is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). Again Cytosine becomesRead MoreWhat Is The Reverse Complement Of The SequenceDegenerate?898 Words   |  4 Pagespossible nucleic acids in DNA). 3 of those encode stop codons. The other 61 code for amino acids. However, there are only 20 amino acids. Thus, there is more than one codon for most of the 20 amino acids. 1b) What is the reverse complement of the sequence â€Å"AGGTGAACT†? 5’-AGTTCACCT-3’ 1c) Describe a difference between RNA and DNA. Both RNA and DNA utilize a sugar-phosphate backbone. For RNA, the sugar is ribose and contains a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position. For DNA, the sugar is deoxyribose